Importance of Hiring Ethics in Hospitality Industries

Arrangements are all over the place, and must be trailed by just for progress. On the off chance that they are not followed, outcomes can happen, which are generally negative. Approaches are additionally set to guarantee the organization’s rules are being followed. Wellbeing strategy is an announcement of a choice with respect to objectives in social insurance, and the arrangement for accomplishing these objectives. Wellbeing strategy is otherwise called a field of study and practice where needs and qualities managing wellbeing asset assignment are resolved (Health Policy, 2014). In this paper, Women’s Health Policy as to the Affordable Care Act will be talked about. The paper will likewise give a fast outline of women’s wellbeing and the partners influenced. Let us start with the meaning of women’s wellbeing. Women’s Health Care Women’s social insurance is difficult to characterize in light of the fact that it is so perplexing. Women’s wellbeing not just arrangements with grown-up ladies, it additionally manages little youngsters and adolescents. We will compose a custom article test on Strategy Topic Search and Selection or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Whenever put words to, women’s social insurance would be characterized as the physical and passionate consideration a lady needs to guarantee she has the most ideal personal satisfaction. Women’s human services is another field in medicinal services that must be obviously expressed later on to improve the strength of a populace (South Carolina Department of Health, 2013). This is significant on the grounds that ladies are the kid bearers, and the headway in women’s medicinal services forestalls and decreases the weight of ailment or handicap that influences ladies at each phase of life, and at last improves ladies wellbeing in the United States over the life expectancy. Women’s Health Care with the Affordable Care Act Women’s, who incorporates youthful and young ladies are the partners influenced by this arrangement. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) incorporated a few estimates that are changing the profile of women’s inclusion as the law is actualized. With respect to ladies, the execution of the ACA will permit 2. 4 million ladies be protected. For ladies, the ACA remembers tops for cash based spending for certain low-salary people and inclusion for some preventive administrations without cost-sharing. There are a great deal of enhancements to the inclusion for ladies as a result of the ACA usage. The greatest improvement is that protection plans were ordered to cover fundamental advantages like outpatient and hospitalization care, maternity care, and doctor prescribed medications. Alongside the basic advantages, the plans need to cover preventive administrations and immunizations for ladies; with no co-installments or other cost sharing. Those administrations are pap spreads, mammograms, bone thickness tests, and HPV immunization. As of August 2012, designs likewise need to cover contraceptives as recommended by a supplier, breastfeeding supplies and supports, for example, bosom siphons, screening for abusive behavior at home, well lady visits, and a few advising and screening administrations (â€Å"Women’s Health Insurance Coverage,† 2013). Despite the fact that the progressions in view of the ACA are broad, they are expected to guarantee women’s medicinal services is at an ideal level since they are the impetus by which our cutting edge is conceived. On the off chance that this is done accurately and plans follow, the ACA will shape access to inclusion and care for many ladies the country over for quite a long time to come.

Behavior Leadership Theory

What truly makes a decent pioneer? Clinician and supervisors attempted to respond to this inquiry. â€Å"Chronologically, the main response to what makes a decent pioneer was that pioneers are not made, they are born† (Fairholm, 1991). This was the principal hypothesis of Leadership, the Great Men Theory. Numerous different hypotheses were isolated by Fairholm and these are the accompanying: speculations dependent on who the pioneer is, wherein this gathering centers around the leader‘s trademark; speculations dependent on what the pioneer does, wherein the conduct hypothesis have a place with this group.It is centered around considering leaders’ conduct so it tends to be duplicated by devotees; and the hypotheses dependent on the Environment of the Leadership. Initiative is a troublesome subject to contemplate on the grounds that authority is a â€Å"fuzzy† idea. For a considerable length of time, social researchers and specialists have been battling to th ink of a definitive meaning of initiative, to clarify its instruments, and to adhere to a meaningful boundary among administration and the board. They have delivered various definitions and theories.Long time prior, determinants of administration has been distinguished by social scholars, with the goal that individuals could be prepared to be pioneers. Since the best styles of initiative can be gotten the hang of, preparing programs have been created to change directors' administration practices. During the World War II, the pioneers of the foundation left the Isle of Traits and set deal for the Isle of Behaviors by the 1940s. They speculated that the X and Y Theory of Leadership of Myers or Briggs, was a fake. The military needed to know whether pioneers could be prepared, and assuming this is the case, what practices made them most effective.The Academy of Leader Professors needing to get residency, popularity in time of world emergency, and fortune concluded that some new hypothe sis of initiative must be secured or every one of their positions would be as terminated as dinosaurs. Working with the Army and with colleges, two greatest â€Å"Page#2† administrations on the planet, it was generally about value-based conduct, being absolutist or majority rule to build the exchange rate or quality. The round of life in associations was never to be changed and their mission was to discover general pioneer conduct styles that correspond with adequacy and are ideal exchanges in all situations.Squire Fleishman and Sir Katz set off for the Isle of Behavior in discrete ships as they are edgy to build up a social settlement, however discovered that Scribe Lewin had just settled a social settlement and an Iowa University since 1938. On the Isle of Behaviors, pioneer (value-based) practices got perceptible and their examination turned goal and quantifiable. Various Universities needed to make its imprint and study what do pioneers do by utilizing some factual techni ques, at that point the Ohio State and Michigan University sought the instruction of the peasants.Fleishman became King of Ohio State and Katz was made King of Michigan University. Lewin was at that point King at Iowa. Each marshaled their armed forces and arranged to fight for pioneer conduct an area. Sir Mintzberg, knighted by the Canadians, resettled in the Isle of Behavior and chose to proceed to hope to check whether pioneers did any arranging, sorting out, controlling, or driving. He really watched and recorded the advancement what exchanges that pioneers do. The world was stunned to find, that pioneers had a feverish, berserk, and divided exchange life, and did little of the practices thought to take place.Some pioneers were just nonentities, yet he confirmed Sir Merton's view, yet taking note of the considerable number of jobs that pioneers do. While the Isle of Behavior was oversupplied with two-factor investigations of conduct and perceptions of jobs here and all over the place, that extraordinary investigated, Prince Yukl concluded that procedure was a higher priority than some rundown of general practices. What's more, by 2001, Prince â€Å"Page#3† Howell and Knight Costley joined the quest for process. They despite everything got a kick out of the chance to seclude and gauge practices, however needed to do this in the investigation of procedures. They made extraordinary maps of the universe of authority, diagramming every territory.Leaders were decreased from characteristics or enormity to simply psychoalgebraic conduct conditions, to styles or just exchanges. In any case, too bad the greater part of the Leader Behavior Academy had just headed out for the Isle of Situation. It appeared glaringly evident that Traits and Behaviors to be powerful relied on the Situation. On the off chance that there were all inclusive practices, they are not ideal in all circumstances. Along these lines an extraordinary endeavor set out to the Isle of Situatio n during the 1960s, with new rushes of movement every decade since. This is the place human expressions of change were revived. The conduct of Leadership has two fundamental speculations, exchange and transformation.This is the thing that we call the â€Å"X† measurement of conduct authority hypothesis. It is the X measurement that centers around the Behavioral School of authority. The X measurement runs from Transactional to transformational initiative, as concentrated by Burns (1978) and Bass (1985). This is an exemplary dualism in initiative investigations. Consumes saw modular reasoning (the methods over closures thinking) in the beginning periods of advancement and held that the pioneers are value-based in their practices. Value-based authority requires an astute eye for circumstance, a great hand at dealing, convincing, responding (Burns, 1978:169).A transformational pioneer, then again, perceives and misuses a current need or request of a potential devotee and searches for potential thought processes in devotees, looks to fulfill higher needs, and draws in the full individual of the adherent. In the long run transformational pioneers were thought to take part in practices that â€Å"Page#4† changed the game, even changed the world. Douglas McGregor portrayed Theory X and Y in his book, The Human Side of Enterprise, that X and Y hypothesis each speak to various manners by which pioneers see employees.Theory X chiefs accept that representatives are persuaded for the most part by cash, are languid, uncooperative, and have poor work propensities. Hypothesis Y administrators accept that subordinates buckle down, are agreeable, and have inspirational mentalities. Hypothesis X is the customary perspective on heading and control by supervisors. The normal individual has an inalienable abhorrence of work and will maintain a strategic distance from in the event that the individual can. Due to this human attribute of aversion of work, the vast majori ty must be controlled, coordinated, and compromised with discipline to get them to invest satisfactory energy toward the accomplishment of hierarchical objectives.The normal individual likes to be coordinated, wishes to keep away from obligation, has generally little desire, needs security most importantly. This hypothesis drives normally to an accentuation on the strategies of control †to methodology and procedures for instructing individuals, for deciding if they are doing it, and for overseeing prizes and discipline. Hypothesis X clarifies the outcomes of a specific administrative technique. Since its presumptions are so pointlessly restricting, it keeps supervisors from seeing the conceivable outcomes natural in other administrative strategies.As long as the suppositions of Theory X impact administrative methodology, associations will neglect to find, not to mention use, the possibilities of the normal person. Hypothesis Y is the view that individual and hierarchical object ives can be coordinated. The uses of physical and mental exertion in work are as normal as play or rest. â€Å"Page#5† External control and the danger of discipline are by all account not the only methods for bringing out exertion toward authoritative goals. Pledge to destinations is an element of the prizes related with their achievement.The normal individual learns, under legitimate conditions, not exclusively to acknowledge yet additionally to look for duty. The ability to practice a generally high level of creative mind, resourcefulness, and inventiveness in the arrangement of hierarchical issues in broadly, not barely, circulated in the populace. Under the state of current mechanical life, the scholarly possibilities of the normal person are just somewhat used. Hypothesis Y's motivation is to energize combination, to make a circumstance where a worker can accomplish their own objectives best by coordinating their endeavors toward the targets of the organization.It is an intentional endeavor to connect improvement in administrative capability with the fulfillment of more significant level sense of self and self-completion needs. Hypothesis Y prompts a distraction with the idea of connections, with the formation of a domain which will urge pledge to hierarchical destinations and which will give chances to the greatest exercise of activity, resourcefulness, and self-course in accomplishing them. Note that with Theory Y suspicions, the executives' job is to build up the potential in representatives and help them to discharge that potential towards normal goals.Theory X is the view that customary administration has taken towards the workforce. Numerous associations are presently taking the illuminated perspective on hypothesis Y. A supervisor can be seen as adopting the hypothesis X strategy, while a pioneer adopts the hypothesis Y strategy. Notice that Maslow, Herzberg, and McGreagor's hypotheses all tie together: Herzberg's hypothesis is a miniaturize d scale adaptation of Maslow's hypothesis (moved in the work place). McGreagor's Theory X depends on laborers â€Å"Page#6† trapped in the lower levels (1 to 3) of Maslow's hypothesis, while his Theory Y is for laborers who have gone above level 3.McGreagor's Theory X depends on laborers trapped in Herberg's Hygiene Dissatisfiers, while Theory Y depends on laborers who are in the Motivators or Satisfiers segment. Whatever hypothesis applied by any association , the best possibility of being effective is the point at which the entirety of the representatives move in the direction of accomplishing its objectives. Since initiative includes the activity of impact by one individual over others, the nature of authority is a basic determinant of authoritative achievement.

Word Choice Deprecate vs. Depreciate

Word Choice Deprecate versus Deteriorate Word Choice: Deprecate versus Deteriorate When something loses esteem, has it â€Å"deprecated† or â€Å"depreciated†? Many utilize these terms reciprocally, however they’re quite particular. What's more, since you don’t need to commit errors in your composed work, it’s a smart thought to know the distinction! In this post, we explain the implications of â€Å"deprecate† and â€Å"depreciate,† then set out how (and when) they ought to be utilized. Censure (To Express Disapproval) To â€Å"deprecate† something is to communicate dissatisfaction with it, or to deprecate something: Albeit mainstream, unscripted television shows are frequently belittled by proficient pundits. This is likewise why we state somebody making a joke at their own cost is acting naturally deprecating.† Another good old utilization of â€Å"deprecate† is to â€Å"pray away†, (for example, appealing to God for assurance against an insidiousness). It’s once in a while utilized like this now however, so youre not liable to experience it other than in old strict writings. Deteriorate (To Reduce in Value) The principle significance of â€Å"depreciate† is to â€Å"reduce or think little of in value.† Most normally, it alludes to something having lost money related worth: If not appropriately kept up, properties will deteriorate after some time. This utilization is reflected in the thought of â€Å"depreciation,† a budgetary term for a technique utilized by organizations to represent the declining estimation of benefits: Prior to putting resources into foundation, you ought to figure the normal pace of deterioration. Disarray with â€Å"deprecate† emerges in light of the fact that â€Å"depreciate† can once in a while mean â€Å"belittle,† yet to â€Å"depreciate† something in this sense is explicitly to depict it has having little worth. Deplore or Depreciate? These terms are especially precarious since they’re correspondingly spelled just as genuinely close in significance. Be that as it may, since â€Å"depreciate† has a quite certain budgetary sense, you don’t need to befuddle them. When in doubt, if you’re talking about the benefit of something or funds all in all, the term to utilize will be â€Å"depreciate.† Notwithstanding, if you’re alluding to something being deprecated †without fundamentally affecting upon its apparent worth †the right word is â€Å"deprecate.† So also, on the off chance that somebody is self-taunting, they are â€Å"self-deprecating†. Keep in mind: Deplore = Belittle Devalue = Lose esteem

How Context Frames Exchange Term Paper - 2750 Words

Contextualization and value-in-context: How context frames exchange (Term Paper Sample) Content: Contextualization and value-in-context: How context frames exchangeContextual framing in this case, is the act of putting an aspect in a certain point of view. Contextual frames are most probably built up during actual world experiences whereby certain scenarios are knowledgeable and then influence individuals perceive and predict the certain aspects. On the other hand, Value co creation has been conceptualized as value in context whereby the emphasis of this market strategy is based on ongoing realization of joint firm-consumer value. In this case context is a set of factors that are unique with mutual links among themselves. Service provision is the act of undertaking a certain business task that requires compensation in return that is acceptable. Qualified staff in a business that specializes in service provision is a key factor to consider in order to ensure they are available to undertake the services that are required by its customers. Contextualization is the process of putting an idea or issue within its large setting where it is able to get its true meaning. The aim of this paper is to have a critical analysis of the provision off services and more so in the marketing value co creation. The contextualization aspect in this case would be to oscillate ideas from an individual actor at the market micro, and macro level, in order give the scaleable influence of the context a real meaning. In other words, the aim is to show how the micro and macro market levels influence each other. The whole issue will be to conceptualize these markets in instantaneous and continuous connections that are under the boundary of one of these context levels.According to a number of scholars in the marketing field, studying marketing and the implications contained there in is an exchange concern. The aim of exchange is accessing resources, however, scholars in this case has disagreed upon the role that exchange plays in the value co creation. This brings in t he point of placing the whole issue in its contextual frame work by critical reviewing the critical values in the whole issue. The orientation process on the other hand, puts more emphasis on the joint efforts different actors puts through exchange process in a certain context. The process of exploring the role held by context in framing exchange is very an important area to focus. The way actors come together in exchange within a definite context aiming to explore the role played by context in exchange framing is also important in this analysis. In regard to these conceptualizations, making salient the context manipulation is comparatively isomorphic. Likewise, these emphases proposed adapts in a network of market perspective. Such perspectives are most extensive in marketing especially in IMP group work. Insights on the other hand, can also be found where Nordic School of marketing service approach more on the marketing approach of many to many service. It is also important to no te that the emphasis under this context is based on relationship interactions other than value creation. However, this work in line with the framework proposed converge in an external perspective that is shared on the processes that lie outside actors and their insinuation that value is embryonic at intersections of network resource.The framework proposed is aimed at extending the literature by making explicit, salient market contexts, and co creation of value to be more related theoretically. It is clear that, study of markets and co creation of value requires an individual to refer to academic marketing facts on markets to be able to clearly understand the value co creation procedure and the entrenched contextual scenery of value. Sarcastically, this does not apply to all aspects, but it is limited to an extent. According to Venkatesh, market is every where rather than nowhere within marketing. This implies that there is no real theory for marketing and it is urged that it inherit ed one theory from economics. Market can be built on the abovementioned studies through the conceptualization on how markets are framed by context such that there is evidence of exchange between two actors that can simultaneously see as a substitute within the service ecosystems. The important aspect about this is that market constitutes are within different exchange contexts. A multi level perspective in view of the context is basically based on the theory of social network making the economic sociology very important. This perspective can also be intergraded with service dominant perspective on value concretion, as well as, markets. In this case context, macro, meso, and micro market levels are in line with the essential processes of value co creation. The most salient layer is the conceptualizing layer, which is the Meta layer, which is concerned with how these levels simultaneously evolve. This frame work can help in exploring the resources role as it is articulated in several market and theories network. In order to understand the whole issue on the market theory and context frame exchange involving salient as the simultaneous and interactive process at each level the following areas are important to address.Service dominant perspectiveThe service dominant perspective is the first area to address. This is a representation of a broader perspective on the markets compare ration to the traditional perspective on the markets. The traditional perspective mainly focused on the exchange of goods and services known as the G-D logic. On the other hand, the logic on S-D focuses mostly on the services and the resource application for the beneficial side of the other actors. This logic looks more into this issue far beyond goods as the main contributors of an economy and puts more emphasis on the skills and knowledge as the main social and economic resources, which opposes the G-D logic that emphasis on physical resources as the primary resources. As a result of th is perspective, skills and knowledge integration are viewed as important when it comes to co value creation exchange. However, in order to have a clear understanding of this perspective reviewing conceptual extension is important. This conceptual extension can be addressed in the following more detailed areas.Resources in contextAs seen in the above analysis scholars traditionally focused marketing on the context of goods as resources that are complementary to the asserted marketing view. These recourses and goods are regarded as supplemental core production processes of any firm. In this sense, traditionally marketing is viewed as a factor that adds value to the already inherently valuable goods. The other conceptualization that is similar to this is where resources are viewed as goods owned by a certain firm or as production inputs. However, according to Morgan and Hunt resources can be possessed by a number of actors. Resources are able to connect and bring in an interaction betw een actors which happens these characters seek to get access to the available resources. Resources are also not static rather they expand in contraction in response to human actions. Therefore, once an actor in the market gets access to resources that they do not own a connection occurs. The reasoning behind it is that being they are able to access a resource jointly. Actors are able to maintain brand associations that are favorable, strong and unique and as a result they are able to expand the potential knowledge brand as a resource. While those that are not in a position to form brands that are favorable associates contract possible knowledge as a resource. Knowledge in this case is a resource that cannot be controlled due to the fact that it can not be owned by anybody neither can it be controlled unilaterally. This brand can provide some benefits such as reduction in uncertainty, familiarity with the product, and price premiums that are higher. Those resources that are not owne d or controlled by any actor they end up being resources that represents the indirect exchange. Indirect exchange governance can be undertaken by several institutions, some of these institutions include ownership systems that are drawn on property rights and are aimed at facilitating exchange. Traditionally, actors were viewed as resource owners an attribute that made them unique and separate from the contexts and resources within which they were themselves embedded.The above analysis brings in the need to have a differentiation among contexts. This is important because there are points where actors are drawn in line with some resources from different contexts. Although this is the case there are times when these actors behaves like deterrents in other market contexts. This means that a certain context can act like a resource for an actor and as a deterrent to a different actor. Therefore, it is note able that resource value is influenced by contexts and this is one of the ways tha t contexts frame exchange, as well as, the co creation of markets is addressed. Service in contextIn the above analysis value co creation is influenced by the resources and the context on its service. This can clearly be show in the following areas.The theory of Growth of a firm by Penrose shows that resources give rise to services. This process takes many steps. The first one is where the firms compete over resources especially when resources are used in offering service streams which finally fills and replaces the context with service inputs. In addition, the output services are later chosen from the context formed. For example, two firms competing for coal to fuel their rail transport. Due to the varying control and coal ownership the two firms are forced to apply service outputs that are heterogeneous where by each become woven with each other and other firms Another case is where the actors occupy unique positions within their context and from these positions ... How Context Frames Exchange Term Paper - 2750 Words Contextualization and value-in-context: How context frames exchange (Term Paper Sample) Content: Contextualization and value-in-context: How context frames exchangeContextual framing in this case, is the act of putting an aspect in a certain point of view. Contextual frames are most probably built up during actual world experiences whereby certain scenarios are knowledgeable and then influence individuals perceive and predict the certain aspects. On the other hand, Value co creation has been conceptualized as value in context whereby the emphasis of this market strategy is based on ongoing realization of joint firm-consumer value. In this case context is a set of factors that are unique with mutual links among themselves. Service provision is the act of undertaking a certain business task that requires compensation in return that is acceptable. Qualified staff in a business that specializes in service provision is a key factor to consider in order to ensure they are available to undertake the services that are required by its customers. Contextualization is the process of putting an idea or issue within its large setting where it is able to get its true meaning. The aim of this paper is to have a critical analysis of the provision off services and more so in the marketing value co creation. The contextualization aspect in this case would be to oscillate ideas from an individual actor at the market micro, and macro level, in order give the scaleable influence of the context a real meaning. In other words, the aim is to show how the micro and macro market levels influence each other. The whole issue will be to conceptualize these markets in instantaneous and continuous connections that are under the boundary of one of these context levels.According to a number of scholars in the marketing field, studying marketing and the implications contained there in is an exchange concern. The aim of exchange is accessing resources, however, scholars in this case has disagreed upon the role that exchange plays in the value co creation. This brings in t he point of placing the whole issue in its contextual frame work by critical reviewing the critical values in the whole issue. The orientation process on the other hand, puts more emphasis on the joint efforts different actors puts through exchange process in a certain context. The process of exploring the role held by context in framing exchange is very an important area to focus. The way actors come together in exchange within a definite context aiming to explore the role played by context in exchange framing is also important in this analysis. In regard to these conceptualizations, making salient the context manipulation is comparatively isomorphic. Likewise, these emphases proposed adapts in a network of market perspective. Such perspectives are most extensive in marketing especially in IMP group work. Insights on the other hand, can also be found where Nordic School of marketing service approach more on the marketing approach of many to many service. It is also important to no te that the emphasis under this context is based on relationship interactions other than value creation. However, this work in line with the framework proposed converge in an external perspective that is shared on the processes that lie outside actors and their insinuation that value is embryonic at intersections of network resource.The framework proposed is aimed at extending the literature by making explicit, salient market contexts, and co creation of value to be more related theoretically. It is clear that, study of markets and co creation of value requires an individual to refer to academic marketing facts on markets to be able to clearly understand the value co creation procedure and the entrenched contextual scenery of value. Sarcastically, this does not apply to all aspects, but it is limited to an extent. According to Venkatesh, market is every where rather than nowhere within marketing. This implies that there is no real theory for marketing and it is urged that it inherit ed one theory from economics. Market can be built on the abovementioned studies through the conceptualization on how markets are framed by context such that there is evidence of exchange between two actors that can simultaneously see as a substitute within the service ecosystems. The important aspect about this is that market constitutes are within different exchange contexts. A multi level perspective in view of the context is basically based on the theory of social network making the economic sociology very important. This perspective can also be intergraded with service dominant perspective on value concretion, as well as, markets. In this case context, macro, meso, and micro market levels are in line with the essential processes of value co creation. The most salient layer is the conceptualizing layer, which is the Meta layer, which is concerned with how these levels simultaneously evolve. This frame work can help in exploring the resources role as it is articulated in several market and theories network. In order to understand the whole issue on the market theory and context frame exchange involving salient as the simultaneous and interactive process at each level the following areas are important to address.Service dominant perspectiveThe service dominant perspective is the first area to address. This is a representation of a broader perspective on the markets compare ration to the traditional perspective on the markets. The traditional perspective mainly focused on the exchange of goods and services known as the G-D logic. On the other hand, the logic on S-D focuses mostly on the services and the resource application for the beneficial side of the other actors. This logic looks more into this issue far beyond goods as the main contributors of an economy and puts more emphasis on the skills and knowledge as the main social and economic resources, which opposes the G-D logic that emphasis on physical resources as the primary resources. As a result of th is perspective, skills and knowledge integration are viewed as important when it comes to co value creation exchange. However, in order to have a clear understanding of this perspective reviewing conceptual extension is important. This conceptual extension can be addressed in the following more detailed areas.Resources in contextAs seen in the above analysis scholars traditionally focused marketing on the context of goods as resources that are complementary to the asserted marketing view. These recourses and goods are regarded as supplemental core production processes of any firm. In this sense, traditionally marketing is viewed as a factor that adds value to the already inherently valuable goods. The other conceptualization that is similar to this is where resources are viewed as goods owned by a certain firm or as production inputs. However, according to Morgan and Hunt resources can be possessed by a number of actors. Resources are able to connect and bring in an interaction betw een actors which happens these characters seek to get access to the available resources. Resources are also not static rather they expand in contraction in response to human actions. Therefore, once an actor in the market gets access to resources that they do not own a connection occurs. The reasoning behind it is that being they are able to access a resource jointly. Actors are able to maintain brand associations that are favorable, strong and unique and as a result they are able to expand the potential knowledge brand as a resource. While those that are not in a position to form brands that are favorable associates contract possible knowledge as a resource. Knowledge in this case is a resource that cannot be controlled due to the fact that it can not be owned by anybody neither can it be controlled unilaterally. This brand can provide some benefits such as reduction in uncertainty, familiarity with the product, and price premiums that are higher. Those resources that are not owne d or controlled by any actor they end up being resources that represents the indirect exchange. Indirect exchange governance can be undertaken by several institutions, some of these institutions include ownership systems that are drawn on property rights and are aimed at facilitating exchange. Traditionally, actors were viewed as resource owners an attribute that made them unique and separate from the contexts and resources within which they were themselves embedded.The above analysis brings in the need to have a differentiation among contexts. This is important because there are points where actors are drawn in line with some resources from different contexts. Although this is the case there are times when these actors behaves like deterrents in other market contexts. This means that a certain context can act like a resource for an actor and as a deterrent to a different actor. Therefore, it is note able that resource value is influenced by contexts and this is one of the ways tha t contexts frame exchange, as well as, the co creation of markets is addressed. Service in contextIn the above analysis value co creation is influenced by the resources and the context on its service. This can clearly be show in the following areas.The theory of Growth of a firm by Penrose shows that resources give rise to services. This process takes many steps. The first one is where the firms compete over resources especially when resources are used in offering service streams which finally fills and replaces the context with service inputs. In addition, the output services are later chosen from the context formed. For example, two firms competing for coal to fuel their rail transport. Due to the varying control and coal ownership the two firms are forced to apply service outputs that are heterogeneous where by each become woven with each other and other firms Another case is where the actors occupy unique positions within their context and from these positions ...

Guidelines For Reducing Drunk Driving - 1205 Words

Jovon Alexander Spring 2016 Paper 3 4/20/2016 Solutions to Reduce Drunk Driving Over the years in New Orleans, drunk driving was 50% of the reason for deaths that occurred in the city. The Council of the greater New Orleans job is to prevent the alcohol and drug abuse that goes on in the city of New Orleans to promote a safe environment for the families, individuals, and safe communities (linkedin.com). The definition of drunk driving is defined as operating a motor vehicle while one s blood alcohol content is above the legal limit set by statute, which supposedly is the level at which a person cannot drive safely (thefreedictionary.com). Everyone agrees that drunk driving is a dangerous thing in America and it is harming innocent people. My job is to give you solutions on how drinking and drinking can be stopped. The recent drunk driving accident happened on March 12th of this year. A lady name Jennifer Hanks age 38 was crossing a street when she was seriously injured by a drunk driver (nola.com). Her sister Catlynn Paige watch ed the surveillance video of a car hitting her sister about 6 times (nola.com). She was hit by a man named Luis Delatorre age 59 which this accident was his second DUI that he received since 2008. His bond was a low $7,500 which people say that this was another slap on the wrist. That situation brings me to my first solution which is engineering technologies. The ignition interlock device is one of the technologies that can be installed inShow MoreRelatedFourth Amendment Protections And Denials1299 Words   |  6 Pagesthe front yard is not directly invading ones house or belongings. It can be used to help obtain a warrant to conduct a search of the house for drugs. 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During that time Child Protective Services began their search for James when his mother, Summer, finally admitted to policeRead MoreThe Nightmare of Prohibition Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesProhibition Act, determined intoxicating liquor as anything having an alcoholic content of more than 0.5 percent, excluding alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes. The act also set up guidelines for enforcement. Prohibition was meant to reduce the consumption of alcohol, therefore reducing the rates of crime, death rates and poverty (Poholek, 2). However, some of the United States communities had already prepared for Prohibition. In the three months before the Eighteenth Amendment becameRead MoreProhibition Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesProhibition Act, determined intoxicating liquor as anything having an alcoholic content of more than 0.5 percent, excluding alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes. The act also set up guidelines for enforcement. Prohibition was meant to reduce the consumption of alcohol, therefore reducing the rates of crime, death rates and poverty (Poholek, 2). However, some of the United States communities had already prepared for Prohibition. In the three months before the Eighteenth Amendment becameRead More The Impact of Lowering the Drinking Age on State University Essay4145 Words   |  17 Pagesresponsible enough to drink† (Mantel). Because of this, many states followed up by lowering their minimum legal drinking ages to 18 or 19 years old. After Mothers Against D runk Driving was founded in 1980, however, people began pushing for stricter laws at higher levels. In 1984, because of the pressure from Mothers Against Drunk Driving, Congress enacted the Minimum Uniform Drinking Age Act. This required that a portion of federal highway funds be withheld from states that did not raise their minimumRead MoreProhibition in America: The Rights of Individuals vs. the Responsibilities of a Nation 1612 Words   |  7 Pageseradicate drunkenness, and to sweep off by one operation the whole train of ugly vices of which it is the foster father† is a quote from Chamber’s Edinburg Journal in 1834. This quote refers to the early ideas of temperance movements, which involved reducing the amount of intoxicating substances in order to reduce the negative outcomes that they often create. This was clearly shown to be untrue through prohibition in America, as crime rates, both alcohol related and non-alcohol related, did not improveRead MoreEssay abou t Alcoholism and Drug Addiction17765 Words   |  72 Pagesalcohols harmful physical, cerebral, and mental effects. Terminology Misuse, problem use, abuse, and heavy use refer to improper use of alcohol which may cause physical, social, or moral harm to the drinker. Moderate use is defined by The Dietary Guidelines for Americans as no more than two alcoholic beverages a day for men and no more than one alcoholic beverage a day for women. Some drinkers may drink more than 600 ml of alcohol per day during a heavy drinking period. The term alcoholism is commonly

Security Safety And Health Care Essay - 1173 Words

Introduction and Background This records examines driving IT security systems in healthcare organzations, IT security hazard evaluation and comparing IT security controls in healthcare segment. Notwithstanding over, the report additionally addresses physical and human related controls which are straightforwardly connected with IT security related controls and late advancements in that. Leadership involved with i.t security management/ credentials/ training IT Security Strategies in Health Care In this day and age of essential electronic data and vindictive dangers, healthcare associations are finding that a responsive, base up, technology-driven way to deal with deciding security and protection prerequisites is not satisfactory to ensure the association and its patients. To evade breaks of touchy data and different sorts of security occurrences, healthcare associations must take a proactive, preventive approach with thoughtfulness regarding future security and protection needs. To apply the constrained assets accessible in a way that amplifies the decrease of business hazard, healthcare associations ought to utilize a top-down approach in light of hazard evaluation, and ought to moderate hazard through a mix of authoritative, physical, and specialized security controls. Building your association s security and protection capacities is an incremental, iterative, and progressing process. Subsequently, building up a suitable IT security system is a vital piece of socialShow M oreRelatedP4 - health, safety and security within a health and social care sector1408 Words   |  6 Pagesdealing with two particular incidents or emergencies in a health and social care setting. Fire, When you are working within a health and social care setting the most important thing is to evacuate the people that is in your care out of the building first. 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Corporate Law Unconditional Communication Term

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Law for Unconditional Communication Term. Answer: 1. Issue Whether there is any valid contract between Jane and Sarah? Laws For a contract to be established there has to be valid offer and acceptance. Unless the offer and acceptance of the offer on unconditional terms are communicated by each party in the contract to the other party, communication of the same cannot be said to be valid and thus no contract is established between the parties in these circumstances (Air Nelson Limited v EPMU, [2010]). Application In the given situation, invitation to treat was given by Jane for the sale of the lounge suite for $3,500.00. Offer was given by Sarah to buy the suite for $2,800.00. Counter offer was given by Jane that she could sell the lounge suite for $3,000.00 and not less. This counter offer was not accepted by Sarah there. Instead she communicated to Jane that she would let her know by the midday of the subsequent date if she wished to buy the lounge suite for the said amount of money. However, Jane in the given time found another better offer for her suite and hence sold the product. There was no valid contract between Sarah and Jane in the matter because acceptance of the offer was not communicated on absolute terms by Sarah to Jane and hence Sarah was at will to sell the product for a better offer. Conclusion It can be said in conclusion in this matter that because of non communication of acceptance, there is no valid contract between Sarah and Jane. 2. Issue Whether Jason will succeed in a claim for the $10,000 bonus from QB? Laws It has been held that a general rule to perform an existing duty is no consideration. A qualification to this rule is said to have arisen when a promise is done when a bonafide compromise is made to this and thereon a disputed claim arises and makes the promisor believe that those circumstances actually have come into existence (Gustav Co Ltd v Macfield Limited, [2008]). The essence is the presence of an honest belief and there should not be any frivolous or vexatious claim. Application CFH was supposed to deliver the 12 rolls of carpet to QB but noted that they would fail to do so. To make them deliver on time, Mark promised them a bonus and out of this promise, CFH in fact delivered the products on time. However, Mark later denied the bonus to them. CFH had certain problems with their machinery and hence they were late. But for acquiring the benefits, they did faster delivery of the product. Their innocence is proved beyond doubt in this matter. Frivolous claim was raised by Mark in the matter. He could have incurred losses but he had other options in those circumstances like sing for breach of contract or acquiring damages for his losses. However, he chose this method. Hence, Jason is entitled to receive the amount in the given matter. Conclusion It can be said in conclusion that Jason will succeed in a claim for the $10,000 bonus from Mark. Issue Whether Jacob is entitled to continue making the loan payments? Explanation Mortgages, rents, taxes, utility bills and loan repayments are considered to be priority debts and these are payable either by the person concerned or the guarantor thereon. No payment of priority debts can result in home eviction or electricity cut off or even bar on essential items (Anderson v R CIV 2011-485-1232, [2011]). Jacob had purchased his Mini Cooper on credit from City Car Sales Ltd. he was sure that once he makes the down payment, he would be able to repay off his debts because of his monthly wages earned. Hence, even if he ends up losing his job, he is entitled to maintain his payments for the loan. This is because the loan was independent of his job and was not in proximity with the work he was doing. It can be concluded saying that Jacob is entitled to continue making his payments for repaying his loan. Issue Whether Jacobs father has to pay now or not? Explanation Once the borrower fails to repay his loan, the guarantor steps into the shoes of the borrower and the lender has rights to extract the payment from the guarantor when default is made by the borrower in repayment (Boisen v Taranaki Insulation Services Limited, [1987]). In the given situation, Jacobs father had agreed to be the guarantor for his sons loan in repayment for the car that he had bought. Though he was initially resistant, yet he agreed to be the guarantor and communicated his willingness. Thus, now if Jacob fails in making the necessary payments, his father is liable to pay for the loan because he is the guarantor. Issue Whether the contract between Fred and James is binding? Explanation Insanity or mental incapacity to take decisions is a valid ground that makes a person not eligible to enter into contract. However, if at the time of making the contract, the person was of sound mind and no coercion or undue influence is being cast on the person when he is making the contract, then the contract stands out to be binding under ordinary circumstances (Marlborough District Council v Altimarloch Joint Venture Limited and others, [2010]). Fred is elderly and James only knew that he was sleep walking one night. However, his house was valued at $400,000.00 and he agreed to pay him $420,000.00 for the house. Thus, it is clear that he is not using any coercion and is not making any undue advantage of his position. There is also no proof indicating that Fred was not in sound mental health when he was signing the contract. Thus, the contract is valid. The contract between James and Fred is binding. Part 5.1 Issue Whether David has a right to cancel the contract and claim his deposit back? Laws Every contract has certain terms and conditions. Terms are those which form a part of the contract and if they are breached, the party can sue the defaulter. However, conditions are those terms in a contract are integral for the existence of the contract and their violation can render the contract void (Elders New Zealand Limited v PGG Wrightson Limited, [2008]). Beach of conditions result in recession of the contract and the defaulter becomes liable to make good the losses. Application David had made it clear before Hugh that if the consent with regard to the garage has not been taken by him, then he was not interested in buying the house. To this, Hugh has clearly told him that he had obtained all the necessary permissions from the council. To take benefit under the caveat emptor rule, David enquired and found that the consent was not obtained and thus, the garage could be pulled down. Thus, there is breach of condition and the contract becomes void. Conclusion David has a right to cancel the contract and get his deposit back. Issue Whether David could claim damages if he wanted to keep the house? Laws The law states that for breach of condition, the defaulting party becomes liable to indemnify the innocent party for the losses incurred thereon. Application In the given situation, David has performed his part of the obligations under the contract. He also paid the consideration amount and was eager to buy the house after making all terms and conditions clear. However, he realized that there were breach of conditions but those could be satisfied. If because of his medical condition, he wished to retain the house, he could claim for damages from Hugh for breach of conditions. Conclusion Yes, David can claim for damages if he retains the house. All employees are agents of their employers and under the shoes of the agent, they have a fiduciary duty to act loyally for their employers benefit in all matters that are connected with the relationship of the agency between them (Rabson v Shepherd, [2016]). This duty implies that Harry Hanks should not have acted in any way that could amount to competition with Kiwi Tours or could result in economic losses to Kiwi Tours. If the employers interest is harmed in some way or other because of the acts of the employee, that amounts to a breach of fiduciary duties. The fiduciary duties that have been breached are as follows: Hanks has placed himself in a position of conflict of duties that are related to Kiwi Tours and the fiduciary interests because he is deriving the profits personally which would otherwise have been accountable to Kiwi Tours (Siemer v Fardell, [2008]); Kiwi Tours is the principal here and Hanks is carrying on his business under the name of the principal though he is not accounting the accrued profits to them. Thus, he is misusing the trust of the principal and breaching his fiduciary duties (Siloata v R, [2004]); He has been acting for his own benefits without the consent of Kiwi Tours in the matter. The remedies that are available to Kiwi Blast Tours Ltd are as follows: The employment with Hanks can be terminated at the will of Kiwi Tours (Prakash Mani v The Queen [2010] NZSC 6, [2010]); Damages may be recovered from Hanks for all the profits that he has earned under the name of Kiwi Tours; Damages may also be recovered from Hanks for the loss of profits caused to Kiwi Tours; Hanks may be made accountable to Kiwi Tours for all gains acquired by him so that oter remedies may be identified. References Air Nelson Limited v EPMU[2010]NZSC p.53. Anderson v R CIV 2011-485-1232[2011]NZCMAC p.1. Boisen v Taranaki Insulation Services Limited[1987]NZArbC p.9. Elders New Zealand Limited v PGG Wrightson Limited[2008]NZSC p.30. Gustav Co Ltd v Macfield Limited[2008]NZSC p.47. Marlborough District Council v Altimarloch Joint Venture Limited and others[2010]NZSC p.82. Prakash Mani v The Queen [2010] NZSC 6[2010]NZSC p.6. Rabson v Shepherd[2016]NZCA p.446. Siemer v Fardell[2008]NZSC p.9. Siloata v R[2004]NZSC p.11.

Robotic Surgery free essay sample

The Cutting Edge Surgery has been a method used to help fix people’s problems for generations. Whether it is a broken bone, dislocation, cancer, or ruptured appendix, surgery has provided the option of fixing these problems for the afflicted patients. The history of surgery is vast, and over the ages it has developed into a much more refined practice. According to Tim Lambert in A History of Surgery, it started in the Stone Age, with incisions and holes in people’s skulls for unknown reason. Egyptians then furthered the realm of surgery by removing the organs of mummies to prevent rotting (Lambert). A big problem during this time was cleanliness; it was difficult to prevent infections in addition to controlling bleeding problems and pain. As generations passed, surgeons became more skilled in operating procedures, using alcohol and honey to prevent infections. In addition, surgeons gained more knowledge about the human body through dissections that became allowed by the church around the mid-14th century (Lambert). We will write a custom essay sample on Robotic Surgery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The revolution of anesthetics wasn’t introduced until the 19th century; however it became a critical advancement in the field by allowing patients to receive pain relief by inhaling ether. This became especially important at this time, because new procedures such as the tracheotomy became a less intense procedure with the use of anesthetics. Options other than ether soon became available, such as chloroform, cocaine, and Novocain (Lambert). The surgical revolution didn’t end here, many technologies allowed for surgery to become a much more technical process. The 20th century led to the first eye surgery due to the invention of the laser, as well as improvements in heart surgery that led to the pacemaker, heart transplants, and artificial hearts (Lambert). In spite of all the groundbreaking steps that were made in this field, new steps are still being taken today. There is a new outlook that could prove to advance the field of surgery even further, and it is known as robotic surgery. Due to improvements in technology and programming, robotic surgery is now a better option than conventional surgery. Robotic Nurses Robotics can be used to aid in surgery in many different ways. Two main ways are using a robotic surgeon and using a robotic nurse. People may not realize that nurses can in fact have a negative impact in surgery. Research published by George Akingba shows that 31% of all communications in the Operating Room result in some sort of failure, and a third of those failed communications impact the patient (Akingba). Some of these errors are caused by team instability, which includes a lack of familiarity between nurses and surgeons, minimal staffing, and other random distractions. The use of a robotic nurse can possibly reduce the number of failed communications between surgeons and nurses (Akingba). In order for robotics to be a successful replacement, these robots must achieve a certain level of accuracy and speed. In order to determine how well a robot could achieve this, George Akingba and his team performed and recorded multiple experiments using a robotic nurse called Gestonurse. Their goal was to show that a robotic nurse could be used in an actual surgery (Akingba). In order to serve as a viable replacement, Gestonurse needed to be able to understand both verbal and non-verbal cues given by the surgeon, predict the instruments that the surgeon will require next, and doctors need knowledge of the boundaries and limitations of this fairly recent technology (Akingba). In order for Gestonurse to replace a nurse in an operating room it has to be able to replicate the same steps a regular nurse could perform. That means the robot must identify the hand gesture it is being given, match that gesture with a tool, find the tool, and transport it from the table to the surgeon. This is a difficult process for a robot to perform in a small period of time. George Akingba and his team decided to start by determining how well the robotic nurse could get instruments for the surgeon based on the distance between each instrument. They feared that the robot would not be able to distinguish between objects that were too close together (Akingba). For this experiment to be performed, non-verbal cues were assigned to surgical instruments using fingers. One finger is a scalpel, two fingers are scissors, three is a retractor, four is forceps, and five is a hemostat (Akingba). What the study found is that a robot can reliably identify and select the correct instrument for the surgeon when the instruments are separated by at least 25mm (Akingba). Next, the researchers tested different hand placements for these fingers in order to see if the robot would recognize the fingers being held up in different positions. The study showed that as long as they kept their hands parallel to the image plane, even by moving their hands in this plane, about 94% of the gestures were detected (Akingba). About 4% of the remaining error is explained by out-of-plane rotations (Akingba). For example, if three fingers are held up, but they are rotated in such a way that the robot needs depth perception to accurately view them, the robot will not always recognize each finger, and will underestimate the actual number of fingers being presented (Akingba). George Akingba and his team had one last component to test before making a conclusion. His team wanted to test how fast the robot could get the instrument to the surgeon compared to a human. They found that on average it took a human 3. 23 seconds to get an instrument for the surgeon, compared to the 4. 06 seconds it took the robot (Akingba). This results in a very minimal difference of only 0. 83 seconds longer for the robot to accomplish the task. Altogether, the experiments conducted showed the capabilities of robotic nurses in the Operating Room. During these trials, Gestonurse provided many advantageous features to surgery. Gestonurse was easy to use, and allowed the surgeons to use their hands. Additionally, Gestonurse responded to nonverbal commands that were fast and intuitive, without the need of a surgeon to wear a microphone or marker in order to use the system. And lastly, the hand gestures used by the surgeons were very accurately identified. Robotic Surgery On a more sophisticated level, robots can be used to perform an actual surgery. According to an article written by Anthony Lanfranco, Robot-assisted surgery can be done using three different types of robots; ARTEMIS, da Vinci, and Zeus. Artemis (advanced robotic telemanipulator for minimally invasive surgery) is a robotic mechanism that consists of two robotic arms that are controlled by a surgeon on a control console (Lanfranco). The da Vinci system uses a slightly more complex 3-part system, comprised of a vision cart with a dual light source, dual 3 chip cameras, a console for the surgeon, and 2 instrument arms on a movable cart and a camera arm mounted onto a cart. The Zeus machine is very similar to the da Vinci, however the console is in an ergonomically designed arrangement for the surgeon. In addition, Zeus has a third robotic arm that is voice controlled, allowing the surgeon to give audible instructions on where the camera should be placed for the best picture (Lanfranco). What this is essentially offering is surgery that can be performed by a robot that is being guided by a surgeon, which provides numerous advantages to doctors and patients. According to the article Robotic Surgery by Anthony Lanfranco, these systems enhance dexterity and allow the surgeon to better manipulate the instruments and the body tissues. Additionally, the systems produce greater control of hand tremors and sudden movements that doctors would normally have. Lanfranco adds that these robots help by allowing the surgeon to â€Å"sit in an ergonomically designed workstation† as well as â€Å"eliminate the need to twist and turn in awkward positions to move the instruments and visualize the monitor. † The advantage to this is that the system restores proper hand-eye coordination to the surgeon, and reduces the risk of slipping during a procedure as well as not being able to see clearly (Lanfranco). A video titled Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery with the da Vinci Surgical System records a patient who prefers robotic surgery because â€Å"a surgeon can focus in 10 to 12 times magnification† and that was very important to him. This same man, named Doug Mclean, ran in a marathon within about a month after his prostatectomy (da Vinci Surgery). This leads to another critical advantage of robotic surgery. These robots have been mainly used in laparoscopic surgeries, which are also known as Minimally Invasive Surgeries (Lanfranco). These laparoscopic surgeries provide the ability for surgery to be done without the need of a lengthy recovery period or a sizeable scar. Patients who would normally need to stay in a hospital to recover are now able to leave the hospital on the same day as their surgery (Lanfranco). After his prostatectomy, Marlow Gilmore said, â€Å"I had no idea that it would be this quick to get back to my normal, functioning self† (da Vinci Surgery). Despite its amazing advantages, some disadvantages are still present in Robot-assisted surgery. Anthony Lanfranco recognizes in his article that the limitations of these robots are still not well known. Additionally, he states that the cost of installing one of these systems is close to a million dollars. As new upgrades become available for these new systems, the cost might climb even higher. This makes them difficult for some hospitals to purchase. Lastly, these robotic systems are very large. They take up a huge amount of the operating room, and can sometimes result in overcrowding between the robot and the surgical team (Lanfranco). Haptic Feedback Researchers, however, are currently working on improving the technology associated with robotic surgery. One way of doing this is using haptic feedback in robotic systems. Haptic feedback is the process of giving surgeons the same â€Å"sense of touch† that they would receive if they were performing the surgery without a robot (Robotic Surgery). Associate professor Allison Okamura is conducting experiments to provide a touch sensation during these procedures, instead of feeling what she calls, â€Å"chopsticks that have grippers on the end† (Robotic Surgery). This process is a very difficult and complex problem to solve. In order to allow for doctors to feel these sensations, physics must be combined with technology and incorporated in the machines. The machine will need to use an advanced force sensor, which will measure the force applied by the robot, and exert the same force on the surgeon’s hand (Robotic Surgery). This will create a similar feeling to performing the actual surgery. Another option is to create a computer model that tracks the movements of the robotic tools. This will allow the data collected by the computer to be converted into haptic feedback for the operator (Robotic Surgery). There is much debate to which approach would be better. Force sensors are highly accurate; however they would need to be made of sterile materials in order to be used. On the other hand, a computer model would work well but it may not respond fast enough to be beneficial to the surgeon. Until a system has been developed and is proved to be beneficial, Allison Okamura is using a light operated system that uses red, yellow, and green lights to display if the right amount of force is being used (Robotic Surgery). A new era is approaching and Robotic Surgery is at the front of it. It may be a recent and developing field, but has proved to be beneficial thus far. While human nurses are still the most common, and most surgeons are not using robotic technology, these practices may become outdated in the future with minimally invasive procedures now becoming more available. Robotics has the ability to advance surgery and perform surgical methods that are not achievable by humans. While still incredibly expensive, robotics is now beneficial to the field of surgery, and as time passes this cost will hopefully become more reasonable. While people may be using conventional surgery more often, Robotic Surgery has become a superior alternative.

Visit To The Planetarium Essays - Constellations, Ursa Major

Visit To The Planetarium Essays - Constellations, Ursa Major Visit To The Planetarium Astronomy Second Paper 11-27-00 I attended the Wagner College Planetarium(located in Spiro Hall)on November 15, 2000 at 11:00 for research and to observe the stars, planets and our entire solar system more closely. There was a clear dome on the ceiling for us to see the sky. The director of the show was Dennis Anderson. He put the latitude to forty degrees, and dimmed the lights. Up in the sky the stars are beautiful and bright. They seem, by the naked eye to be moving but the earth is what is actually moving. Everyone knows that the sky doesn't move. The earth rotates around the sun. The earth being in a different spot in its' orbit all the time gives us different stars to see at different times out of the year. A star is a huge ball of glowing gas in the sky. The Sun is a star. It is the only star close enough to the earth to look like a ball. The other billions of stars are so far away that they are no more than a pinpoint of light. A constellation is a bunch of stars in the sky that form a picture. Each Constellation has a definite time of the year when it reaches its highest point. At latitudes to far north or to far south of the equator, many constellations do not reach there culminates high enough to be seen. The constellations appear to move westward as the earth rotates around the Sun. For this reason, certain constellations can only be seen during one season of the year. There is Pegasus which is extremely large. If you connect the stars of Pegasus it is supposed to look like a horses body. However it is upside down. The instructor put a line going across the middle of the dome. It separated the sky from north to south. He said this line is called the Meridian. When a star is at the Meridian it is at its highest point. It is nine degrees elliptical on each side. The second brightest star is Mercury it has a very thick atmosphere. However the brightest star nearest to the horizon is Venus. We also saw Jupiter it was also a very bright star but not as bright as Venus. Jupiter has four moons' which was very interesting to see. We live in a spiral Galaxy. It has one to four billion stars. Some people believe we live in the barred galaxy. It is also called the Milky Way galaxy. If stars or galaxies explode we would not know until light years later. This is due to the great distance between us and other stars or galaxies. Light years are a measure of distance. Some bi-global clusters of stars are a numbered at 150,000 to one million stars bunched together. This is called Messier 13. Messier 13 is 30,000 light years away. It was discovered by a man named Charles Messier. Charles Messier also discovered the Stellar Nebular. He got a lot of credit for his time, which was around the 1700's. Many years ago stars were known as navigation systems. Sailors used the stars to guide them on where they wanted to go. They would look at the stars and try to judge where they were by where the stars were located in the sky. Thus turning the stars into a navigation system. If we were in the country side and not the city we would be able to see the stars much better. They would seem brighter to the naked eye. The instructor at the planetarium explained to us that in New York City the street lights and car lights seem to drown the energy of the stars. He also said that if something isn't done about it in a couple of decades we will not be able to see any stars from our city. A set of stars everyone is familiar with is the Big Dipper, but it is only part of a constellation called the Big Bear. There is also the Little Dipper. At the handle of the Little Dipper is a star called Polaris, which is also known as the North Star it stands out in the sky when you look

Suggest how an economist would approach the problem of alcohol abuse Essay

Suggest how an economist would approach the problem of alcohol abuse - Essay Example Numerous examinations on this subject have been conducted by economist to determine the impact of the price of alcoholic beverages to alcohol consumption. Despite the varied nature of the researches conducted, the conclusion is common. That an increase in the price of alcoholic beverages results to a decline in drinking and heavy drinking, as well as the consequences of alcohol use and abuse. This is in direct relevance to the fundamental law of economics called the downward sloping demand curve. It states that, as the price of a product rises, the quantity demanded for that product decreases. Another way to curb the abuse of alcohol is the use of government policy. Economists have found that the most ignored policy of controlling alcohol abuse is the most effective and important (Chaplouka, Grossmann & Saffer, 2002). This is the raising of the taxes levied on all alcoholic beverages. The decline of federal, state and local taxes on alcoholic beverages over the years by considerably high margins is a show of ignorance to this policy. The effectiveness of this policy of this policy is due to the fact that the use and abuse of alcoholic beverages has been found to be sensitive to price. However, to address the matter with economical intellect the policy should be implemented after accounting for the effects of inflation. Prescription drugs fall under the industry of pharmaceuticals, which is funded in the country as part of Research and Development. In the recent past and the present this industry has been found to have very large costs of maintaining and they are always fixed. It is estimated that twenty percent of sales from research based pharmaceuticals has been devoted to research and development compared to four percent for other industries (Nebbit, 2000). This huge investment in relation to prescription drugs, therefore, results to high prices for these products. Since the products are essential for life, their consumption is fixed and may not be greatly

IS Strategic planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

IS Strategic planning - Essay Example Heads of department from both faculties would meet together on a regular basis. Communications and report structures would become more collaborative, involving joint reports on key strategic partnerships. The cost savings of a single faculty office would not be achieved, but estimates suggested that the joint working proposed would be less costly than Plan A. Students and staff would experience no disruption under the new arrangements, although again potential developments in terms of new courses and research were envisaged. One potential hurdle was the increased levels of bureaucracy. Staff already moaned about the amount of paperwork and there was a danger of increasing the number of committees under the joint arrangements. Re-engineering will involve integration of latest technological aspects such as cloud computing features and components to the system to ensure that all long term institution’s technological needs and IT requirements are met. The applications which are given priority include database, data warehousing components that will enable the company to meet the short term IT strategies. The hardware and other support software are also given priority. The testing should be carried in two stages. First every system unit is thoroughly tested. This is done by exposing the prototype system to the users. The errors that will be realized are fixed before system integration. Another test will be performed after the different sub systems are integrated. Training will be conducted in phases. All the employees in different business units should fully understand the system and how it works. The security issues should also be dealt with during the training. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats identified for the Midchester University were provides a wide environment and covers the elements such as support systems for information technology, academic programs and the IT

Understanding The Federal Reserve System Essay Example for Free

Understanding The Federal Reserve System Essay Operating Federal Reserve System through Stocks. The Federal Reserve System (Fed) is the principal monetary authority or the central bank of the United States of America. Its primary role is to conduct monetary policy, supervise federal and state banks and maintain stability in the system by providing payment services to depository institutions. It is made up of a seven member Board of Governors in Washington DC, 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks and their 25 branches. The Board is appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. Federal Reserve issues monetary policy guidelines and carries out stabilization activities which are particularly important in times of financial crisis such as stock market decline in 1987, the international debt crisis of 1998 and the terrorist attacks in September 2001. The principal instruments at the disposal of the Federal Reserve for maintaining stability are interest rates for loans, reserve ratio stipulations for commercial banks thereby determining liquidity and regulating circulation of new currency. The latter is carried out by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) by buying securities in the open market thereby increasing money supply. This will simultaneously decrease the federal funds rate, reducing interest on mortgages and loans and generating demand. The price of bonds and securities operate within a narrow margin as these are long term instruments pledged by the government. During such times, it would be seen that the price of stocks which are volatile instruments will undergo large fluctuations as opposed to bonds and securities. Similarly an increase in money supply also results in people putting more money into the stock market. In case the economy is growing too fast, Fed can sell Treasury securities and reduce the money supply, marking higher interest rates. Stocks construe ownership of shares in the assets of a company. The price of shares is determined by the market. The New York Stock Exchange provides a facility for trading shares. Stocks are guaranteed to the extent of the liquidity of assets of the company and unlike federal bonds are not direct instruments of liquidity. There is a possibility of default in stocks unlike bonds. The US Fed will not be able to ensure stability through regulation of money supply by holding stocks. The aim is also to ensure sustained long term growth in the economy; this is achieved through investments in long term instruments as mortgages, insurance and loans. Stocks are relatively short term instruments which provide market marked returns and thus are not suitable as a policy instrument for the US Federal Reserve. Impact Open Market Purchase of Gold or Foreign Currency. Purchase of gold or foreign currency by the Federal Reserve will increase money supply in the domestic market. Buying gold or foreign exchange is similar to outright purchase of government securities from the open market. In this case money supply is altered permanently rather than temporarily. The purchase of gold or foreign currency is carried out in very few cases merely to send an appropriate signal as the impact is considerable. Similarly theoretically speaking if the Fed sells gold and foreign currency it will be decreasing money supply in the domestic market. The gold and foreign exchange markets are beyond the control of the Federal Reserve as there is no regulatory authority unlike the bond market. Thus fluctuations can be substantial and impact the domestic economy gravely. Instability in the Gold and Forex market has not been defined and can cause speculation which is related to fluctuations in the exchange rates as well as trader’s reluctance to buy and sell the commodity or foreign exchange. Maintenance of stability in the economy is the principal role of the Federal Reserve. This has to be done through specific instruments which are provided for the same and the controlling organization for it, which is the Federal Open Market Committee, the federal and the state banks. The Federal Reserve has been intervening from time to time in a small way in the foreign exchange market merely to send an appropriate signal to the investors. In this case Federal Reserve sells dollars and buys foreign currency to exert downward pressure on the price of the dollar while it buys dollars and sells foreign currency to exert an upward pressure.

Stroke Mortality Among Alaska Native People :: Article Review, Ronnie Horner

My article review is on, â€Å"Stroke Mortality Among Alaska Native People†, by Ronnie Horner. The Alaskan Natives have been suffering with the vast number of mortality rates caused by strokes. This article was written to successfully understand the Alaskan’s stroke problem or factors that contribute to this problem, and eventually find strategies that will aid in its prevention. The only problem that exists with trying to come up with strategies for prevention is the sparseness of the epidemiological data of the Alaskan Natives. It is hard to categorize the Alaskans in one separate group, the Horner states, â€Å"to its failure to consider Alaska Native People as one distinct cultural group, one among the many that comprise the American Indian/Alaska Native designation†(Horner 1). This creates a problem because it puts limitations on the efficiency of the epidemiology of the Alaskan Natives. With this being said, patterns have arisen in the number of stroke vict ims that are Alaskan Natives, â€Å"Stroke Mortality appears to be significantly elevated among relatively younger American Indians/Alaska Natives compared to US whites of similar age† (Horner 1). This shows that there must be an unknown factor that has led or caused the younger Natives to have a stroke. Something must had to change because the word â€Å"elevated† is used which indicates recently increased to what it normally was. It seems that Alaskan Natives are the number one ethnic group that is impacted by Stroke Mortality, Horner points out, â€Å"Of note, data for the 1990’s indicate that stroke mortality has decreased in all racial ethnic groups except for American Indians/ Alaskan Natives†(Horner 1). In detail this article attempts to figure out what factors are causing these elevations in stroke mortality that is not seen in any other ethnic group. Methods/Results/Conclusion The doctors had to first gather the death certificate data of the Alas kan Natives, Horner states, We conducted an analysis of death certificate data for the state of Alaska for the period 1984 to 2003, comparing age standardized stroke mortality rates among Alaska Natives residing in Alaska vs. US whites by age category, genders, stroke type, and time† (Horner 1). This will allow the doctors to examine the data to really conclude that Alaskan Natives were more prone to strokes than whites. With this data the doctors also need a population of Alaskans that they could carefully examine and study, Horner explains, â€Å"the study population was defined as all Alaskan residents who self-identified as Alaskan Native People.

Federal Health Care Essay

Federal health care is one of the biggest social and economic problems Americans face today. Due to the rising cost of medical care and health insurance, many Americans are either uninsured or do not have adequate coverage. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), commonly known as Obama Care, is part of a decade-long effort to reform the nation’s health care system and ensure that more Americans have adequate and affordable health care coverage (Salem Press Encyclopedia, 2013). This essay will briefly explain the elements of Obama Care, the pros and cons of the policy, and how the policy raises issues of federalism. President Barack Obama made health care reform the foundation of his agenda during his first year as president. According to Salem Press Encyclopedia (2013), â€Å"he charged the Democratic Congress with crafting a comprehensive bill that would provide coverage to all Americans, lower health care costs, and improve the quality of health care of the entire country.† Even though the Democratic majority embraced the idea, they had considerable difficulty in embracing a single package that satisfied liberals, moderates, and conservative Democrats alike (Salem Press Encyclopedia, 2013). However, Republicans and a growing number of independent votes immediately pushed for an appeal of the law. In light of the major controversy that surrounded the reform, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act had been significantly modified, removing sticky points underscored by moderates and conservatives, to make it palatable to enough moderate and conservative Democrats to gain passage (Salem Press Encyclopedia, 2013). The Ninth Amendment states that â€Å"the enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people† (Huffman, 2012). However, the federal government and the states view the Obama Care policy has a struggle for power when their central concern should be with establishing the division of powers best suited to preserve liberty. According to Huffman (2012), â€Å"Obamacare’s transparent impositions on liberty were given scant attention in the oral arguments over the law’s constitutionality, notwithstanding the fact that the reason the healthcare law has been consistently opposed by a majority of voters is their objection to the individual mandate.† President Barack Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on March 23, 2010. Its goal is to  give more Americans access to affordable, quality insurance and to reduce the growth in health care spending in the United States through consumer protections, regulations, subsidies, taxes, insurance exchanges, and other reforms (ObamaCareFacts, 2014). According to ObamaCareFacts (2014), â€Å"ObamaCare offers a number of new benefits, rights and protections including provisions that let young adults stay on their plan until 26, stop insurance companies from dropping you when you are sick or if you make an honest mistake on your application, prevent against gender discrimination, stop insurance companies from making unjustified rate hikes, do away with lifetime and annual limits, give you the right to a rapid appeal of insurance company decisions, expand coverage to tens of million, subsidize health insurance costs, require all insurers to cover people with pre-existing conditions, among other things.† Obama Care, or PPACA, has been designed to help Americans medically and financially when it comes to health insurance.  There are many pros and cons related to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or commonly known as Obama Care. Some pros of PPACA include tens of millions of uninsured will get access to affordable quality health insurance through the marketplace, helps to curb the growth in healthcare spending, over half of uninsured Americans can get free or low cost health insurance, and even small businesses can get tax credits for up to 50% of their employees’ health insurance premium costs (ObamaCareFacts, 2014). Some cons of PPACA include in order to get the money to help insure tens of millions there are new taxes which mostly affect high-earners, focuses more on making sure people are covered than it does on addressing the cost of care, mandates that you have to obtain health coverage by January 2014, get an exception or pay a fee if you cannot afford it, and even mandates that in 2015 businesses with over the equivalent of 50 full-time employees must provide health coverage (ObamaCareFacts, 2014). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has been fairly effective in achieving its goals of give more Americans access to affordable, quality insurance and to reduce the growth in health care spending in the United States through consumer protections, regulations, subsidies, taxes, insurance exchanges, and other reforms (ObamaCareFacts, 2014). According to  Dictionary.com, LLC (2014), effectiveness means â€Å"adequate to accomplish a purpose; producing the intended or expected result.† Even though there are many pros and cons to the policy, they have been fairly effective to ensure all Americans receive affordable, quality health insurance and coverage. American federalism’s constitutional framework is based off of national and state governments sharing the authority that is derived from the people (Levin-Waldman, 2012). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is successful based off of the cooperation of local, state, and national authority. PPACA is consistent with American federalism’s constitutional framework because all stages of government, as well as people, are working together to ensure all Americans are taken care of medically, as well as financially, when it comes to health care and insurance. Furthermore, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is part of a decades-long effort to reform the nation’s health care system and ensure that more Americans have adequate and affordable health care coverage (Salem Press Encyclopedia, 2013). It has many pros and cons, but has been effective and demonstrates American federalism’s constitutional framework because it includes all stages of government, as well as ensures all Americans receive affordable, quality health insurance and coverage. References Dictionary.com, LLC. (2014). Effectiveness. Retrieved from http://dictionary.referance.com/browse/effectiveness Huffman, J. (2012). Obamacare vs. Federalism. Retrieved from www.hoover.org/publications/defining-ideas/article/119436 Levin-Waldman, O. M. (2012). American government. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. ObamaCareFacts. (2014). ObamaCare Facts: Facts on the Affordable Care Act. Retrieved from obamacarefacts.com/obamacare-facts.php ObamaCareFacts. (2014). ObamaCare: Pros and Cons of ObamaCare. Retrieved from obamacarefacts.com/obamacare-pros-and-cons.php Salem Press Encyclopedia. (2013). Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Overview. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/detail?sid=2b1be3dd-154d-43ab-84e9-aeeaa71be0c7%40sessionmgr4004&vid=5&hid=4205&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=ers%AN=89158281

What Makes A Tragedy - 908 Words

What Defines a Tragedy? The dictionary describes a tragedy as, â€Å"a serious drama typically describing a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force (as destiny) and having a sorrowful or disastrous conclusion that elicits pity or fear.† Aristotle’s â€Å"Poetics† have long been the standard of a proper tragedy. Yet, could there be more to the perfect tragedy than what either the dictionary or Aristotle suggests? What are the actual characteristics that form a â€Å"true† tragedy? In Sophocles’ â€Å"Oedipus the King† and Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet† (two of the most renowned tragedies ever written), lay the keys to unearthing the facts about what characteristics produce the ultimate tragedy. â€Å"Oedipus the King† tells the terrible tale of a brilliant man who became king of Thebes and later discovers that he is the cause of a plague on the city because he killed his father and married his mother. â€Å"Ham let† follows the events of a Danish prince who has been called upon to kill his uncle and thereby avenge his father’s murder. These two tragedies appear to have little in common on the surface, but upon closer inspection, share the many qualities of an epic tragedy. Another critical element in the perfect tragedy (in order from greatest to the least) is the presence of strong â€Å"Plot, Character, Language, Thought, Spectacle, and Melody† (Aristotle 780-781). 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